Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Late post transplant HIV infection with BK viremia and allograft tuberculosis in a renal transplant recipient with Kaposi sarcoma.


Late post transplant HIV infection with BK viremia and allograft tuberculosis in a renal transplant recipient with Kaposi sarcoma.


Sep 2012

Source

Department of Medicine and Tanker Foundation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India.

Abstract


In this report, we discuss a case of a 51-year-old African renal transplant who presented with metastatic Kaposi sarcoma1 year after transplant. The Kaposi sarcoma was treated with a switch of immunosuppressants and chemotherapy. Six years after transplant, he presented with chronic allograft nephropathy, allograft tuberculosis, BK viremia, and was diagnosed to have contracted HIV infection.

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Monday, January 21, 2013

Microscopic diversity in oral Kaposi sarcoma.


Microscopic diversity in oral Kaposi sarcoma.


Feb 2013

Source

Oral Pathologist, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Abstract


Kaposi sarcoma is the most common HIV-associated neoplasm, frequently presenting with oral mucosal involvement. This retrospective study aimed to assess and highlight the histomorphological spectrum of oral Kaposi sarcoma. A total of 135 cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 were retrieved from the archives of the Oral and Dental Hospital of the University of Pretoria, South Africa. Following histologic review, each case was placed into 1 of 7 categories based on the predominant pattern of growth. These histologic divisions included lesions designated as solid, lymphangioma-like, telangiectatic, desmoplastic, lymphangiectatic, ecchymotic, and anaplastic. The presence of coexistent pathology was identified in 25 cases, largely represented by superimposed candidiasis. Concomitant cytomegalovirus and non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation were also observed. Although the prognostic significance of these variants is yet to be determined, the appreciation and recognition of such morphologic diversity remains essential in distinguishing these lesions from possible mimickers.

Sunday, January 13, 2013

Complete Response to Second Line Paclitaxel Every 2 Weeks of Eyelid Kaposi Sarcoma: A Case Report.


Complete Response to Second Line Paclitaxel Every 2 Weeks of Eyelid Kaposi Sarcoma: A Case Report.


Dec 2012

Source

*Scientific Direction, †Hematology Unit, ‡Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.

Abstract


A 77-year-old male patient presented to our attention with violaceous nodular lesions on the skin of his hands and lower extremities. Clinical and histologic examination supported the diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma. A first-line systemic chemotherapy based on liposomal doxorubicin at a dosage of 40 mg/m every 3 weeks for 5 cycles was carried out, resulting in partial resolution of skin lesions. However, 1 year later, a relapse of the disease in the lower limbs and a new lesion of the left eyelid were found, therefore the patient began a second-line therapy with 100 mg/m paclitaxel every 2 weeks. After 8 cycles of therapy, we observed a complete remission of eyelid tumor and a partial response of lower limbs lesions up to 6 months of follow up. In conclusion, eyelid Kaposi sarcoma was successfully treated with paclitaxel every 2 weeks, obtaining a complete response.

Sunday, January 6, 2013

Kaposi's sarcoma in pregnancy after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a manifestation of immune reconstitution syndrome.


Kaposi's sarcoma in pregnancy after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a manifestation of immune reconstitution syndrome.


Dec 2012

Source

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

Abstract


A case of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in pregnancy with conservative management is reported. Successful outcomes for mother and baby were achieved. HIV was diagnosed at antenatal booking and highly active antiretroviral therapy commenced at 20 weeks. Multiple lymphadenopathies developed two months later. Excision biopsy of a node confirmed KS. In the absence of advanced disease, she was managed conservatively until delivery. The placenta showed no evidence of KS or human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). The baby had negative HIV and HHV-8 polymerase chain reaction tests at zero, six and 12 weeks of life. Six months postpartum, the KS had regressed and HHV-8 viral load was undetectable.

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Simultaneous lymph node involvement by Castleman disease and Kaposi sarcoma.


Simultaneous lymph node involvement by Castleman disease and Kaposi sarcoma.


2011

Source

Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPE), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

Abstract


Both multicentric Castleman disease and Kaposi sarcoma are more frequently observed in HIV infected patients. The coexistence of these Human herpes virus 8 related lesions, in the same tissue, has been observed, but literature reports are scant. On the other hand, the expression of HHV-8-LANA-1 is easily demonstrable by immunohistochemistry. This has been shown to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis of these entities. The aim of this report is to communicate our experience with a case of multicentric Castleman disease occurring in the setting of HIV infection, which demonstrated microscopic Kaposi sarcoma in the same lymph node during the pathological work-up.

Tuesday, January 1, 2013

Kaposi's sarcoma: a computational approach through protein-protein interaction and gene regulatory networks analysis.


Kaposi's sarcoma: a computational approach through protein-protein interaction and gene regulatory networks analysis.


Dec 2012

Source

Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, aubhishek@gmail.com.

Abstract


Interactomic data for Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpes virus (KSHV)-the causative agent of vascular origin tumor called Kaposi's sarcoma-is relatively modest to date. The objective of this study was to assign functions to the previously uncharacterized ORFs in the virus using computational approaches and subsequently fit them to the host interactome landscape on protein, gene, and cellular level. On the basis of expression data, predicted RNA interference data, reported experimental data, and sequence based functional annotation we also tried to hypothesize the ORFs role in lytic and latent cycle during viral infection. We studied 17 previously uncharacterized ORFs in KSHV and the host-virus interplay seems to work in three major functional pathways-cell division, transport, metabolic and enzymatic in general. Studying the host-virus crosstalk for lytic phase predicts ORF 10 and ORF 11 as a predicted virus hub whereas PCNA is predicted as a host hub. On the other hand, ORF31 has been predicted as a latent phase inducible protein. KSHV invests a lion's share of its coding potential to suppress host immune response; various inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 are negatively regulated by the ORFs while Il-10 secretion is stimulated in contrast. Although, like any other computational prediction, the study requires further validation, keeping into account the reproducibility and vast sample size of the systems biology approach the study allows us to propose an integrated network for host-virus interaction with good confidence. We hope that the study, in the long run, would help us identify effective dug against potential molecular targets.

Cannabidiol inhibits growth and induces programmed cell death in kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected endothelium.


Cannabidiol inhibits growth and induces programmed cell death in kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected endothelium.


Jul 2012

Source

Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Abstract


Kaposi sarcoma is the most common neoplasm caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). It is prevalent among the elderly in the Mediterranean, inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa, and immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients and AIDS patients. Current treatments for Kaposi sarcoma can inhibit tumor growth but are not able to eliminate KSHV from the host. When the host's immune system weakens, KSHV begins to replicate again, and active tumor growth ensues. New therapeutic approaches are needed. Cannabidiol (CBD), a plant-derived cannabinoid, exhibits promising antitumor effects without inducing psychoactive side effects. CBD is emerging as a novel therapeutic for various disorders, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of CBD both on the infection of endothelial cells (ECs) by KSHV and on the growth and apoptosis of KSHV-infected ECs, an in vitro model for the transformation of normal endothelium to Kaposi sarcoma. While CBD did not affect the efficiency with which KSHV infected ECs, it reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in those infected by the virus. CBD inhibited the expression of KSHV viral G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR), its agonist, the chemokine growth-regulated protein α (GRO-α), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), and the VEGFR-3 ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). This suggests a potential mechanism by which CBD exerts its effects on KSHV-infected endothelium and supports the further examination of CBD as a novel targeted agent for the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma.

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