Risk of Kaposi sarcoma during the first months on combination antiretroviral therapy.

Nov 2012

Lacombe JM, Boue F, Grabar S, Viget N, Gazaignes S, Lascaux-Cametz AS, Pacanowski J, Partisani M, Launay O,Matheron S, Rosenthal E, Rouveix E, Tattevin P, de Truchis P, Costagliola D, Goedert JJ.

Source

aInserm UMR-S 943; UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR-S 943; INSERM-TRANSFERT; Paris, France bAP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique; Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France cINSERM UMR-S 943; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Hôtel-Dieu, Unité de biostatistique et épidémiologie; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France dCentre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyage, Tourcoing, France eAP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France fAP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Service d'immunologie clinique, Créteil, France gAP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France hHôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Le Trait d'Union - Centre de soins de l'infection par le VIH, Strasbourg, France iUniversité Paris Descartes; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France jUniversité Denis Diderot Paris 7; AP-HP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France kHôpital l'Archet, Département de médecine interne; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France lHôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de médecine interne, Boulogne, France mCHU Pontchaillou, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et de Réanimation Médicale, Rennes, France nAP-HP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de médecine aigue spécialisée, Garches, France oINSERM UMR-S 943; UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR-S 943, Paris, France pDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD USA.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Determine if incident AIDS-defining Kaposi sarcoma (KS) or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is associated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. 

DESIGN: Compare risk for KS and PJP by time on cART and CD4 reconstitution. 

METHODS: In the FHDH-ANRS CO4 cohort (N = 66,369), KS (N = 1811) and PJP (N = 1718) incidence rates were computed by demographic and HIV strata. Crude and adjusted relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) following cART initiation were calculated by Poisson regression with untreated patients during 1996-2009 as reference. CD4 counts were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum tests. 

RESULTS: KS risk was very high during months 1-3 on cART (N = 160, RRCrude 3.94, CI 3.26-4.76), which was incompletely attenuated by adjustment for demographics and contemporaneous CD4 count (RRAdj 1.25, CI 1.02-1.53). Corresponding PJP risk was minimally elevated (N = 84, RRCrude 1.80, CI 1.42-2.30) and markedly reduced with adjustment on the same variables and PJP prophylaxis (RRAdj 0.52, CI 0.41-0.67). HIV load had no added effect. Median CD4 cell count at cART initiation was much lower in patients with incident KS (82/mm) or PJP (61/mm) within 3 months compared with those without (>250/mm). Notably, median CD4 change was +44 cells/month with incident KS within 3 months of cART initiation versus 0 cells/month with incident PJP . 

CONCLUSIONS: Failure of CD4 reconstitution during months 1-3 on cART fully accounted for incident PJP. In contrast, there were 1.6 additional KS cases per 1000 person-years during months 1-3 on cART, suggesting that immune reconstitution may contribute to the risk for AIDS-defining KS.

Lippincott Williams Wilkins

Oral HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma: A Clinical Study from the Ga-Rankuwa Area, South Africa.

2012

Khammissa RA, Pantanowitz L, Feller L.

Source

Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria 0204, South Africa.

Abstract

Background. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common neoplasms diagnosed in HIV-seropositive subjects. Oral involvement is frequent and is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of oral HIV-KS in patients from Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa. 

Methods. All cases with confirmed oral HIV-KS treated at the oral medicine clinic in Ga-Rankuwa from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Differences between males and females with oral HIV-KS in relation to HIV infection status, to oral KS presentation and to survival rates were statistically analysed. 

Results. Twenty (54%) of the 37 patients in the study were females and 17 (46%) were males. In 21 patients (57%), the initial presentation of HIV-KS was in the mouth. Other than the fact that females presented with larger (≥10 mm) oral KS lesions (P = 0.0004), there were no statistically significant gender differences. Significantly more patients presented with multiple oral HIV-KS lesions than with single lesions (P = 0.0003). Nine patients (24%) developed concomitant facial lymphoedema, and these patients had a significantly lower CD4+ T-cell count (28 cells/mm(3)) compared to the rest of the group (130 cells/mm(3)) (P = 0.01). The average CD4+ T-cell count of the patients who died (64 cells/mm(3)) was significantly lower (P = 0.0004), there were no statistically significant gender differences. Significantly more patients presented with multiple oral HIV-KS lesions than with single lesions (P = 0.016) at the time of oral-KS presentation than of those who survived (166  cells/mm(3)). 

CONCLUSIONS: In Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa where HIV-KS is prevalent, oral KS affects similarly males and females. A low CD4+ T-cell count at the time of oral HIV-KS diagnosis and the development of facial lymphoedema during the course of HIV-KS disease portends a poor prognosis.

NIH

Sézary syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma and generalized dermatophytosis 15 years after sulfur mustard gas exposure.

Sept 2012

Emadi SN, Babamahmoodi F, Poursaleh Z, Sayad-Noori SS, Soroush MR, Maleki AR, Izadi M, Khodaei-Ardakan MR, Emadi SE.

Source

Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Skin Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The relationship between compromised immune system and the development of malignancy, generalized dermatitis, and infection after sulfur mustard gas exposure has been established.

MAIN OBSERVATION:

We introduce a 58-year-old man with an abrupt, de novo and erythrodermic eruption in 2002 that was previously exposed to sulfur mustard during the Iran - Iraq war in 1987. Six weeks after the onset of diffuse eruption, he developed papules on the glans penis and generalized dermatophytosis. A biopsy of his eruption was consistent with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/Sézary syndrome. A complete blood count demonstrated leukocytosis, eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis. Subsequently, Sézary syndrome was confirmed and T-cell count with increased CD4/CD8 in flow cytometry. The biopsy of his penile papules was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma.

CONCLUSION:

These findings suggest a causative relationship between sulfur mustard gas exposure, cutaneous T cell lymphoma and immune compromised state with opportunistic infections.

PubMed - Journal of Dermatological Case Reports